🖼️ 分镜设计与 Prompt 写法
从剧本到画面的关键一步：学会把文字翻译成 AI 能精确执行的分镜 Prompt， 掌握镜头语言、Prompt 结构和常见陷阱。
什么是分镜
分镜 = 把剧本里的每一个镜头翻译成 AI 能理解的画面描述。你写剧本时用的是叙事语言（"他走进办公室，看到桌上放着一封信"），但 AI 画图需要的是 视觉指令（"a young Chinese man in a grey suit entering a modern office, a white envelope on the desk, medium shot, warm daylight"）。
一集短剧通常需要 15-25 个分镜，每个分镜 = 一张图 = 一个 prompt。 如果是 2 分钟的视频，按每个镜头 5-8 秒计算，大约 15-24 个镜头；3 分钟的视频大约 22-36 个。
分镜不只是描述"画什么"，更要描述"怎么拍"：
- 景别——镜头离角色多远？特写、中景、全景？
- 角度——仰拍让角色显得高大，俯拍让角色显得渺小
- 光线——暖光传递温馨，冷光传递危险，逆光塑造英雄轮廓
- 构图——角色放画面中央还是三分之一处？留白在哪边？
掌握了镜头语言，你的分镜才不只是"好看的图"，而是有叙事节奏、有情绪起伏的故事画面。
镜头语言基础（非常重要）
镜头语言是导演的核心工具。AI 漫剧虽然没有真实摄影机，但在 prompt 中加上景别和角度词汇， 就相当于告诉 AI "用什么镜头拍这个画面"。以下是你必须掌握的 7 种常用景别/角度：
| 景别 | 英文 | 画面范围 | 传达什么 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 特写 | close-up | 脸部 / 物件 | 情绪、细节 | 角色震惊、哭泣、关键道具 |
| 中景 | medium shot | 上半身 | 对话、互动 | 两人对话、日常场景 |
| 全景 | wide shot | 全身 + 环境 | 环境、规模 | 场景建立、史诗场面 |
| 仰拍 | low angle | 从下往上 | 威压、英雄感 | 强者出场、觉醒 |
| 俯拍 | high angle | 从上往下 | 掌控、渺小 | 俯瞰全局、角色跪地 |
| 过肩 | over-shoulder | 越过肩膀 | 对话参与感 | 两人面对面 |
| 斜角 | Dutch angle | 倾斜画面 | 不安、疯狂 | 反派、危机 |
每种景别的场景描述示例
特写 close-up
场景：女主收到分手短信，眼眶含泪
close-up of a young Chinese woman's face, tears welling up in her eyes, biting her lower lip, phone screen glowing on her face, soft warm indoor lighting中景 medium shot
场景：男女主在咖啡厅对话
medium shot of a young Chinese couple sitting across a small coffee table, the man leaning forward speaking earnestly, the woman looking down at her cup, cozy cafe interior, afternoon sunlight全景 wide shot
场景：男主独自站在空旷的天台
wide shot of a lone young Chinese man standing on a rooftop, city skyline behind him, wind blowing his coat, golden hour sunset, dramatic clouds仰拍 low angle
场景：霸总男主从黑色豪车里走出
low angle shot of a tall Chinese man in a black tailored suit stepping out of a luxury car, looking down with cold confidence, backlit by city lights at night俯拍 high angle
场景：女主在雨中蹲在地上
high angle shot looking down at a young Chinese woman crouching on wet pavement in the rain, umbrella fallen beside her, neon reflections on the ground, night city过肩 over-shoulder
场景：反派和男主在办公室对峙
over-the-shoulder shot from behind a man in a dark suit, facing a younger Chinese man standing defiantly across a large desk, tense office atmosphere, cold fluorescent lighting斜角 Dutch angle
场景：反派露出阴险笑容
Dutch angle close-up of a middle-aged Chinese man with a sinister smirk, half face in shadow, red ambient lighting, dramatic contrast, unsettling atmospherePrompt 结构公式
万能公式：
[角色外貌+动作] + [情绪表情] + [镜头类型] + [场景环境] + [光线氛围] + [风格]这 6 个槽位顺序可以灵活调整，但每个都不能缺。缺了景别，构图随机；缺了光线，前后不一致；缺了风格，画风飘忽。
槽位 1：角色描述怎么写
基本结构：a [age] Chinese [gender], [appearance features], wearing [clothing]
| 坏的写法 | 好的写法 |
|---|---|
| a beautiful girl | a 22-year-old Chinese woman with long black hair and delicate features, wearing a white blouse and grey pencil skirt |
| a handsome man | a 28-year-old Chinese man with sharp jawline and short black hair, wearing a tailored navy suit and silver watch |
| an old man | a 60-year-old Chinese man with grey temples and stern expression, wearing a traditional dark tang suit |
| a cute kid | a 5-year-old Chinese girl with twin ponytails and round cheeks, wearing a pink dress with white polka dots |
| the villain | a 45-year-old Chinese man with a scar across his left cheek, slicked-back hair, wearing a black leather coat |
核心原则：越具体越好。AI 不理解"帅"、"漂亮"这类主观词，它需要具体的五官、发型、服装描述。
槽位 2：动作 / 情绪怎么写
动作要具体到身体部位，不写"他很生气"，写clenching fists, jaw tightened, glaring forward。 情绪不是告诉 AI 一个抽象概念，而是描述这个情绪的外在表现。
| 情绪 | 英文描述 | 身体语言补充 |
|---|---|---|
| 愤怒 | furious, rage | clenching fists, veins on forehead, jaw tightened |
| 悲伤 | sorrowful, tearful | tears streaming down, looking down, shoulders slumped |
| 震惊 | shocked, stunned | wide eyes, mouth slightly open, frozen posture |
| 开心 | joyful, beaming | bright smile, eyes sparkling, relaxed posture |
| 害怕 | terrified, fearful | trembling, stepping back, hands raised defensively |
| 冷漠 | cold, indifferent | expressionless, arms crossed, looking away |
| 温柔 | gentle, tender | soft smile, head slightly tilted, warm gaze |
| 自信 | confident, assertive | chin up, steady gaze, hands in pockets or on hips |
| 绝望 | desperate, hopeless | kneeling, head bowed, hands gripping hair |
| 心动 | lovestruck, blushing | cheeks flushed, shy smile, avoiding eye contact |
| 傲慢 | arrogant, haughty | chin raised, looking down at others, smirking |
| 紧张 | anxious, nervous | biting lip, fidgeting, eyes darting around |
| 不甘 | reluctant, unwilling | fists clenched at sides, gritted teeth, glaring |
| 思念 | longing, nostalgic | gazing into distance, touching a keepsake, misty eyes |
| 疲惫 | exhausted, weary | drooping eyelids, leaning against wall, disheveled hair |
| 惊喜 | pleasantly surprised | hands covering mouth, wide sparkling eyes, slight gasp |
| 嫉妒 | jealous, envious | narrowed eyes, tight lips, glancing sideways |
| 决心 | determined, resolute | firm gaze, squared shoulders, clenched jaw |
| 委屈 | aggrieved, wronged | pouting, eyes reddened, looking away holding back tears |
| 疯狂 | manic, crazed | wild eyes, disheveled appearance, unhinged laughter |
槽位 3：镜头怎么写
景别词 + 构图词组合使用，常见搭配：
情绪特写
close-up, centered composition角色正脸居中，最大化情绪冲击
对话中景
medium shot, rule of thirds角色偏左或偏右，留出对话空间
环境全景
wide shot, establishing shot展示整个场景，交代时间地点
压迫仰拍
low angle, dramatic perspective从下往上看，角色显得强大有威压
渺小俯拍
high angle, bird's eye view从上往下看，角色显得弱小无助
对话过肩
over-the-shoulder, shallow depth of field前景人物虚化，焦点在对面角色
槽位 4：光线怎么写
光线是情绪的"隐形画笔"。同一个角色同一个动作，换一种光线，观众感受完全不同。
| 情绪 / 场景 | 推荐光线 | Prompt 写法 |
|---|---|---|
| 温馨 / 回忆 | 暖黄色柔光 | warm golden hour lighting, soft glow |
| 危险 / 孤独 | 冷蓝色调 | cold blue lighting, dim atmosphere |
| 英雄 / 神秘 | 逆光剪影 | backlit silhouette, rim lighting, dramatic contrast |
| 悬疑 / 紧张 | 暗调侧光 | side lighting, deep shadows, chiaroscuro |
| 日常 / 平静 | 自然光 | natural daylight, soft diffused light |
| 浪漫 / 心动 | 夕阳 / 粉暖调 | sunset glow, romantic pink-orange tones, lens flare |
| 反派 / 阴谋 | 底光 / 红色 | underlighting, red ambient glow, ominous atmosphere |
| 觉醒 / 爆发 | 强烈高光 | intense bright light, volumetric rays, glowing aura |
| 夜晚 / 都市 | 霓虹 / 混合色 | neon city lights, colorful reflections, cyberpunk glow |
| 雨天 / 沉重 | 灰调漫射光 | overcast grey sky, muted tones, wet reflective surfaces |
槽位 5：风格怎么写
整部剧统一风格词，不要每张换。风格词是你的"画风锚点"，一旦确定就作为固定后缀加在每个 prompt 末尾。
推荐风格后缀（按题材选一组）：
anime style, modern aesthetic, clean lines, vibrant colors, 8k quality, detailedChinese ink painting style, xianxia aesthetic, ethereal atmosphere, flowing robes, 8k quality, detaileddark manga style, cel shading, high contrast, moody atmosphere, cinematic, 8k qualitysoft anime style, pastel tones, dreamy atmosphere, shoujo manga aesthetic, 8k quality, detailed10 个高质量 Prompt 实例
以下 prompt 可直接复制到即梦 / Midjourney 使用，涵盖不同题材和镜头类型。
霸总第一次出场 —— 仰拍+全身
low angle wide shot of a 30-year-old Chinese man in a black tailored suit, stepping out of a Maybach, one hand adjusting his cufflink, cold confident expression, city skyscraper behind him, night scene, neon reflections on wet ground, cinematic lighting, anime style, clean lines, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：仰拍+全身建立角色强大气场，夜景霓虹增加都市质感。
女主含泪特写 —— 情绪爆发
close-up of a 24-year-old Chinese woman with long black hair, tears rolling down her cheeks, biting her lower lip, eyes reddened, rain droplets on her face, overcast grey background, soft diffused light, sorrowful expression, anime style, clean lines, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：特写最大化情绪冲击，雨滴+灰调强化悲伤氛围。
咖啡厅偶遇 —— 中景对话
medium shot of a young Chinese man and woman sitting at a small round table in a cozy cafe, the man looking surprised with wide eyes, the woman smiling softly holding a coffee cup, warm afternoon sunlight through window, bokeh background, anime style, clean lines, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：中景展示两人互动关系，暖光+咖啡厅建立温馨基调。
反派阴谋 —— 斜角特写
Dutch angle close-up of a 50-year-old Chinese man with slicked-back grey hair, sinister smirk, half face in deep shadow, red ambient lighting from below, dark office background, ominous atmosphere, dark manga style, cel shading, high contrast, 8k quality为什么这样写：斜角+底光+红色调三重暗示反派的危险和不安定。
天台告白 —— 全景黄昏
wide shot of a young Chinese couple standing on a rooftop, the man holding the woman's hands, facing each other, city skyline in background, golden hour sunset, warm orange and pink sky, wind blowing their hair, romantic atmosphere, soft anime style, pastel tones, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：全景展示环境规模，黄昏暖调+城市天际线营造浪漫高光时刻。
办公室对峙 —— 过肩镜头
over-the-shoulder shot from behind a man in a dark suit, facing a 26-year-old Chinese woman standing defiantly with arms crossed, large glass office with city view, cold fluorescent lighting, tense atmosphere, shallow depth of field, anime style, clean lines, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：过肩镜头让观众"站在"一方身后，增强对峙的参与感。
古风仙侠 —— 御剑飞行
wide shot of a young Chinese man in flowing white hanfu robes, standing on a glowing sword flying above clouds, long black hair flowing in the wind, ethereal mountain peaks below, golden sunrise, volumetric light rays, Chinese ink painting style, xianxia aesthetic, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：全景展示仙侠世界的宏大，飘动的衣袍+云海+山峰建立意境。
雨中分离 —— 俯拍
high angle shot looking down at two people walking in opposite directions on a rain-soaked street, a red umbrella abandoned between them, neon signs reflecting on wet asphalt, night scene, melancholic atmosphere, muted desaturated colors, anime style, cinematic, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：俯拍暗示命运的无情俯视，红伞成为两人关系的视觉符号。
打脸名场面 —— 中景侧面
medium shot side view of a 24-year-old Chinese woman slapping a well-dressed man across the face, the man's head turning from impact, shocked onlookers in background, luxury restaurant interior, bright chandelier lighting, dynamic motion blur on the hand, anime style, clean lines, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：侧面中景完整展示打脸动作弧线，背景围观者增加戏剧张力。
道具特写 —— 戒指/信物
extreme close-up of a woman's slender hand holding a diamond ring between her fingers, tears dropping onto the ring, soft bokeh background of a dimly lit bedroom, warm bedside lamp glow, melancholic atmosphere, anime style, clean lines, 8k quality, detailed为什么这样写：道具特写不需要角色全脸，用细节传达情感，泪滴+戒指讲述整个故事。
10 个常见错误
以下是新手最容易踩的坑，每个都附带错误写法和正确写法对比。
#1Prompt 用中文写
错误写法
一个穿黑色西装的帅哥走出豪车
正确写法
a handsome 28-year-old Chinese man in a black suit stepping out of a luxury car
主流 AI 绘图模型（Midjourney / Stable Diffusion / 即梦）对英文理解能力远强于中文，中文 prompt 出图效果不稳定。
#2描述太抽象，无法可视化
错误写法
he recalls his painful past
正确写法
close-up of a man staring at an old photograph, misty eyes, soft golden flashback lighting, faded color tones
AI 无法画「回忆」这个概念，它需要看得见的画面元素。
#3Prompt 太长（200+ 词）
错误写法
a very very detailed scene with a young man who has black hair and brown eyes and is wearing a blue shirt with white buttons and grey pants and black leather shoes standing in a room that has wooden floors and white walls and a large window with curtains... (200+ words)
正确写法
a young Chinese man in a blue shirt, standing in a bright room with wooden floor, large window with sunlight, medium shot, natural daylight (控制在 50-80 词)
超过 80 词后，AI 会忽略后半段描述。关键信息被淹没在无用细节里。
#4每张图换一种风格词
错误写法
第 1 张用 oil painting style，第 2 张用 anime style，第 3 张用 watercolor...
正确写法
确定一组风格后缀后全集统一使用，如 anime style, clean lines, vibrant colors, 8k quality, detailed
风格不统一 = 剪到一起像 PPT 拼凑，观众出戏。
#5群像 5 人以上同框
错误写法
five people standing in a row, each with different expressions and outfits
正确写法
拆成单人或双人镜头分开生成，后期用剪映合成到同一画面；或用全景远景模糊处理多余角色
AI 生成 3 人以上的群像时，面部容易崩坏、人物粘连或缺胳膊少腿。
#6同时描述复杂背景 + 复杂动作
错误写法
a man doing a backflip kick in a crowded marketplace with dozens of stalls and hundreds of people
正确写法
分两步：先生成干净背景图，再用角色参考生成人物动作，最后合成；或简化其中一侧
AI 的「注意力」有限，同时处理复杂动作和复杂场景，两边都会崩。
#7使用否定词
错误写法
not ugly, no wrinkles, don't make it dark
正确写法
用正面描述代替：beautiful smooth skin, bright lighting。把不想要的元素放到 negative prompt 栏
AI 经常忽略否定词，「not ugly」可能被理解为「ugly」。负面 prompt 要用 negative prompt 栏位。
#8没标景别
错误写法
a man standing in an office looking angry
正确写法
medium shot of a man standing in an office, angry expression, clenching fists
不写景别 = AI 随机决定远近，这次出全景下次出特写，镜头节奏全乱。
#9没标光线
错误写法
a woman sitting by the window
正确写法
a woman sitting by the window, warm afternoon sunlight streaming through, soft golden tones
不写光线 = AI 随机分配光照，一组图里有的暖有的冷有的明有的暗，剪到一起严重不连贯。
#10没加质量词
错误写法
a Chinese girl smiling in a park, anime style
正确写法
a Chinese girl smiling in a park, anime style, 8k quality, highly detailed, sharp focus
不加质量词，出图可能模糊、粗糙、缺少细节，需要反复重做。
参数基线速查
三平台参数对照表
| 参数 | 即梦 | Midjourney | ComfyUI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 图片尺寸 | 16:9 横屏（1920x1080） | --ar 16:9 | width=1920, height=1080 |
| 生成数量 | 4 张取最佳 | 默认 4 张（grid） | batch_size=4 |
| 引导强度 / CFG | 默认（平台自动） | --stylize 100（默认） | CFG=7（推荐 5-9） |
| 采样步数 | 平台自动 | 不可调 | steps=25-30 |
| 角色参考权重 | 参考强度 0.6-0.8 | --cref [url] --cw 80 | IPAdapter weight=0.6-0.8 |
| 负面提示词 | 有专门输入框 | --no [内容] | negative prompt 节点 |
| 模型 / 版本 | Seedance 2.0 | --v 6.1 | SDXL / Flux |
场景命中率参考
不同类型的画面，AI 一次生成满意结果的概率不同。了解命中率有助于你合理安排制作时间。
| 场景类型 | 命中率 | 建议 |
|---|---|---|
| 对话 / 静态场景 | 90%+ | 默认参数即可，一次出 4 张基本能选到满意的 |
| 动作场景 | 60-70% | CFG 降 1-2，动作描述简化到核心动作，避免同时多人动作 |
| 群像（3+ 人） | 40-50% | 强烈建议拆成单人/双人镜头分开生成，后期合成 |
| 特写 | 85%+ | 角色参考权重 +0.1（如从 0.7 调到 0.8），确保人脸一致 |
| 手部细节 | 30-50% | AI 画手依然是难点，尽量避免手部特写，或多次重跑挑选 |
| 道具 / 物件特写 | 80%+ | 无人物的物件特写成功率高，适合插入作为过渡镜头 |